I got these from a piece in today's paper. It was in the Independent on Sunday, but they didn't put it on their website, so now you've missed it for ever.

Unless otherwise mentioned, they're Arabic. They've come to us through that route because the Arabs got the knowledge and skills passed down from Greeks and Romans (through the Byzantines), Persians, Egyptians and Indians.

sukkar = sugar
qandi = candi
laymun = lemon
naranj = orange
albirquq = apricot (thus Albuquerque)
sharab = syrup
alqili = alkali (lit saltwort ashes)
al anbiq = still (alembic)
al kuhl = alcohol (used in a still to make kohl, a cosmetic)
champna = shampoo (lit. to knead, from the Hindi)
qutn = cotton
pay jamah = pyjamas (foot garment, from the Persian, whose pyjamas originally included slippers)
suffah = sofa
al qubbah = alcove (lit. arch)
tulban = tulips (lit. turban, from the Turkish, tulips being considered to look a bit like a turban)
koshke = kiosk (lit. garden pavilion)

And don't get me started on mathematics. No really, you actually don't want to.